A
monthly mortgage payment is sometimes called a PITI payment. That's
because each one covers a portion of the following four
costs:
Principal
-- the loan balance
Interest -- interest
owed on that balance
Real estate taxes --
taxes assessed by different government agencies to pay for school
construction, fire department service, etc.
Property insurance --
insurance coverage against theft, fire, hurricanes and other
disasters
Borrowers can choose to pay their real
estate taxes and insurance in lump sums when they come due, rather
than in monthly installments to their escrow accounts. Depending on
the kind of mortgage a borrower has, the monthly payment may also
include a separate levy for private mortgage insurance (PMI) or
government-backed mortgage insurance premiums.
The breakdown of each payment (the amount
that goes toward principal, interest, etc.) changes over time
because mortgages are based on a repayment formula called
amortization. That's a fancy term meaning the lender spreads the
interest you owe on the mortgage over hundreds of payments so that
the overall loan is as affordable as
possible.