Credit
scoring has been around since the 50's.Today the use of credit
scores has become increasingly important in obtaining any type of
loan. When financing a house, a car or even obtaining a credit card,
credit bureau scoring is a scientific way of assessing how likely a
borrower is to repay a loan.
Each of the three major credit reporting agencies utilize the
same scoring models developed by the California based company Fair
Isaac Company (FICO), yet each company can give you a different
score. Each of the bureaus believes some credit characteristics to
be more important than others.
Credit scores can range form a low of 300 to over 800. Many
people believe that credit scores are only based on whether or not
you pay your bills on time. Scores are actually based on a complex
system analyzing different characteristics of your credit, such
as:
- Payment history, including any collections, judgments,
foreclosures and/or bankruptcies.
- The number of inquiries into your credit report in the past
6-12 months. A large number of inquiries can indicate that you
have been trying to obtain too much credit too quickly.
- The amount of outstanding balances compared to your available
credit limits. A borrower with $4,995 on credit cards and loans
with $5,000 in credit limits will be penalized. Even if the
payment history has been perfect.
- How long accounts have been open. The longer that you have had
good credit the better.
These are only a few of the over 30 different factors used in
determining your score. None of the 3 major bureaus have been
required to divulge their formula for determining these scores.
However, they must still abide by the Fair Credit Reporting Act and
they do not consider the following:
- National origin, race, marital status, gender and religion.
- The amount of money you might have in the bank.
Banks and lenders are not required to disclose your credit score
to you. However, I will and you should always ask. I will also
provide you with a copy of your credit report upon request.
If your credit score is low, there are no quick fixes. But there
are some things to keep in mind when trying to maintain a high
credit score:
- Periodically keep tabs on your credit report for inaccuracies.
You can obtain a copy from each of the Major Credit Reporting
agencies. Reports are usually free, but can cost as much as $8.00.
- Pay all your bills on time.
- Use credit wisely. Use only the credit you need and can afford
to pay.
- Don't max out your credit cards.
- Don't apply for or open many credit accounts in a short period
of time.
- Don't try to change a score overnight by suddenly closing or
opening accounts. This could backfire.
Remember, a low credit score does not mean you will not be able
to obtain a loan. Credit scoring is just one part of the process. It
is important, but so are things like your employment history, your
savings pattern, and your down payment.
Below are links to information regarding credit and credit
scoring.
Fannie Mae - www.fanniemae.com Freddie
Mac - www.freddiemac.com Fair
Credit Reporting Act - www.ftc.gov For more information
about Credit Reporting Agencies you can contact them directly.
Equifax 800-685-1111 www.equifax.com
Experian 888-397-3742 www.experian.com
Trans Union 800-916-8800 www.transunion.com